PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) is a common hormonal condition that can happen at any age after puberty. It is estimated that between 5 and 10% of women between the ages of 15 and 44 have PCOS.
PCOS is the leading cause of infertility in women, because it can interfere with normal ovulation. Without ovulation, there are no eggs to be fertilized for a pregnancy.
PCOS can have several symptoms, and not every person with PCOS will have the same symptoms. Some of the possible symptoms include:
- Irregular periods
- Hirsutism, which is too much hair on the face, chin, or other parts of the body
- Acne
- Thinning hair or hair loss on the scalp
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
- Darkening of skin, particularly along neck creases, in the groin, and underneath breasts
- Skin tags, which are small pieces of excess skin on the neck or armpits
PCOS could also have some symptoms that you can’t see or feel without testing from a medical provider. These include:
- Cysts on the ovaries, seen through ultrasound
- Higher than normal levels of male hormones, found from blood tests
What causes PCOS?
The exact cause of PCOS is currently unknown. Several factors, including genetics, can play a role.
What should I do if I think I have PCOS?
If you have irregular periods or have any other reason to think you may have PCOS, talk to a health care provider. They can ask you about your symptoms and may do a physical exam, ultrasound, blood test, or other tests to diagnose or rule out PCOS.
How is PCOS treated?
There is no cure for PCOS right now, but you can take steps to manage the symptoms. Talk to your health care provider about a symptom management plan based on your unique symptoms and goals. They may recommend certain changes to your lifestyle or that you take certain medicine, including birth control pills.
PCOS is linked with other health problems, including:
- Type 2 diabetes
- Gestational diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Sleep apnea
- Unhealthy cholesterol levels
- Depression and anxiety
Managing some of the symptoms of PCOS can help reduce the risk of developing these conditions.
What if I have PCOS and want to get pregnant?
While PCOS is a common cause of infertility, there are several options that can help increase your chances of getting pregnant. Talk to your health care provider about what options may help you.
PCOS resources:
Office on Women’s Health: Polycystic ovary syndrome
ACOG- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Information for health care professionals: